Cochlear implants enable people with severe hearing loss to hear again. An audiologist adjusts the cochlear implants based on the user’s input, but this is not always easy. Think of children who are born deaf or elderly people with dementia. They have more difficulty assessing and communicating how well they hear the sounds, resulting in an implant that is not optimally tuned to their situation.
Related article: NIH Grant Supports New Cochlear Implant Technique
A possible solution is to adjust the implant based on brain waves, which contain information about how the person processes the sounds that they hear. This kind of objective measurement can be made with an electroencephalogram (EEG), whereby electrodes are placed on the head. However, it would be more efficient if the implant itself could record the brain waves to measure hearing quality.
Experimental cochlear implants
Research by KU Leuven and manufacturer Cochlear on a few human test subjects has shown for the first time that this is possible, according to an article published on the KU Leuven website.
“We used an experimental implant that works exactly the same way as a normal implant, but with easier access to the electronics,” said postdoctoral researcher Ben Somers from the Experimental Oto-rhino-laryngology unit.
“A cochlear implant contains electrodes that stimulate the auditory nerve. This is how sound signals are transmitted to the brain. In our research, we have succeeded in using these implanted electrodes to record the brain waves that arise in response to sound. That is a first. An additional advantage is that by carefully choosing the right measuring electrodes, we can measure larger brain responses than the classical EEG with electrodes on the head,” he said.
An implant that can register brain waves and measure hearing quality on its own has various advantages, adds co-author Professor Tom Francart. “Firstly, we get an objective measurement that does not depend on the user’s input. In addition, you could measure a person’s hearing in everyday life and monitor it better. So, in the long run, the user would no longer have to undergo testing at the hospital. An audiologist could consult the data remotely and adjust the implant where necessary.
“In the future, it should even be possible for the hearing implant to adjust itself autonomously based on the recorded brain waves. We have a long way to go before that, but this study is a necessary first step. Based on our findings, manufacturers can now move forward with developing smart hearing devices that improve the quality of life of the people that use them. Besides audiological applications, there are numerous other possibilities that come with measuring brain waves. Think of monitoring sleep, attention span or epilepsy, but also, for example, so-called brain computer interfaces that allow you to control other devices with brainwaves.”
Original Paper: Somers B, Long CJ, Francart T. EEG-based diagnostics of the auditory system using cochlear implant electrodes as sensors. Scientific Reports. 2021;11(5383).
Source: KU Leuven, Scientific Reports
